In our comparative analysis we identify three major areas in which diasporic actions have contributed to peacebuilding in the conflict-ridden Horn of Africa. Importantly, our understanding of peacebuilding does not exclude political struggles that aim at restructuring a polity on an inclusive basis, even if this momentarily leads to (more) conflict. It uses field research data as well as the secondary literature to illustrate the complexities and multiple layers of diasporic involvement in ‘homeland peacebuilding’. This paper is based on four individual research projects, three of which included extensive field research, and common discussions about an overall theoretical framework of the projects. While the literature frequently stresses the contribution of diasporic actors to conflict escalation and perpetuation, some studies also point to the possibilities and chances for development and peacebuilding through contributions from the diaspora. This is one of the reasons why huge Ethiopian, Somali, and Eritrean diasporas exist all over the globe at the beginning of the 21st century. The Horn of Africa is a highly volatile and conflict-ridden region.
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